The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organization that was established in 1974 to promote reliable, affordable, and clean energy for its member countries and the world.

Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are mathematical models that are used to study the interactions between the climate, the economy, and society. IAMs are used to assess the potential impacts of climate change on the economy, and to develop policies to mitigate climate change.

Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are scenarios developed to explore future greenhouse gas emissions and their potential impacts on the Earth's climate. They are used as inputs to climate models to project how the Earth's climate may change in the coming decades and centuries.

Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are a set of scenarios that were developed to explore different possible futures of human society and their potential impacts on the Earth's environment and climate. They are used in conjunction with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to model how the Earth's climate may respond to different future socioeconomic conditions.

A net-zero transition plan is a roadmap for an organization to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to net zero. A net-zero target means that the organization's emissions are equal to or less than the amount of emissions it removes from the atmosphere.

Stranded assets are assets that have become obsolete or lost their economic value before the end of their expected life span, leaving investors or owners with assets that are no longer profitable or usable.

A social bond is a type of debt instrument that is issued to finance social or community projects.

A green bond is a type of debt instrument that is issued to finance environmental or climate-related projects.