Sustainable finance is an approach to financial decision-making that takes into account environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.

Sustainability bonds are a type of bond that finance projects with a positive environmental or social impact.

Green loans are loans that are specifically designed to finance projects that have a positive environmental impact.

Sustainability-linked bonds are structured so that the issuer is incentivized to meet certain sustainability performance targets, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving worker safety, or increasing renewable energy usage.

Anthropogenic climate change refers to the phenomenon of climate change that is caused by human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere.

Natural capital refers to the natural resources and ecosystems that provide benefits to humans and the economy. These include air, water, soil, plants, animals, minerals, and energy resources that are used for various human activities and industries.

Goal 7 is about ensuring access to clean and affordable energy, which is key to the development of agriculture, business, communications, education, healthcare and transportation. The lack of access to energy hinders economic and human development.

NDCs embody efforts by each country to reduce national emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.